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Energy Saving Approaches for Building Some of the key energy efficiency measures covering building envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows), Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, Lighting (indoor and outdoor), and Electrical Power and Motors are briefly described as follows: · Passive Designs Passive designs take advantage of local climates and reduce energy consumption for heating or cooling the building by optimising insulation, ventilation, orientation, and shade of a building. · Fenestration Fenestrations (windows, skylights, & other openings in a building etc.) allow daylight and the prevailing wind inside the building when needed . Building fenestrations can affect lighting and cooling loads considerably. Various methods to reduce heat gain through windows include the following: x Orientation and size x Glazing x Internal shading devices (blinds, curtains) x External shading devices · Low energy cooling Natural ventilation: Ventilated cooling uses the principle of exhausting the warm building air and replacing with cool outside air. Well-directed moving air across occupant’s skin creates convection and evaporation. This principle is achieved by wind and stack effect. Suitable openings are not only provided, but located correctly and are large enough for this principle to work properly. Various schemes for natural ventilation · HVAC HVAC systems contribute to nearly 40% of the energy used by commercial buildings and over 50% of total energy consumption in IT buildings. After reducing cooling/heating loads through passive design strategies, enhancing the efficiency of HVAC systems should be the top priority for any building energy efficiency. Apart from selecting energy efficient equipment, it is important to select the correct system type, size, and design for optimized energy efficiency. The system types are broadly categorized as follows: x Centralized system: Central chilled water system (Air cooled and water cooled) x Distributed system (DX system): VRF, Duct able system, split air conditioners, unitary systems
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